What is cladode? Give an example.

A cladode, also known as a phylloclade, is a modified stem structure found in certain plants. It is a flattened, leaf-like structure that performs photosynthesis. Cladodes can be thought of as flattened stems that resemble and function like leaves.

One example of a plant that has cladodes is the prickly pear cactus (Opuntia genus). The flat, pad-like structures of the prickly pear cactus are actually cladodes. These cladodes have a green color and carry out photosynthesis, allowing the plant to produce energy. They also have spines and are adapted to arid environments, helping to reduce water loss through evaporation. The cladodes of the prickly pear cactus are edible and commonly used in culinary preparations in some regions.