What is pericarp?

The pericarp is the outermost layer or tissue that surrounds and protects the seed of a flowering plant. It develops from the ovary wall after fertilization and encloses the developing seed(s). The pericarp consists of three main layers:

Exocarp: This is the outermost layer of the pericarp and is often referred to as the "skin" or "peel." It can be thick or thin, and its texture and color vary depending on the type of fruit. For example, in citrus fruits like oranges, the exocarp is the colorful, easily peelable layer.

Mesocarp: The mesocarp is the middle layer of the pericarp. It can be fleshy or fibrous and contributes to the texture and taste of the fruit. In fruits like peaches and mangos, the edible part that we commonly eat is primarily composed of the mesocarp.

Endocarp: The endocarp is the innermost layer of the pericarp, and it directly surrounds the seed(s). It can be hard, woody, or stony in some cases, forming a protective layer around the seeds. For example, the pit of a cherry or the shell of a walnut is formed from the endocarp.

The pericarp's structure and composition can vary greatly among different types of fruits, and it plays an important role in seed dispersal and protection. The diversity of pericarp types contributes to the wide variety of fruits we encounter, each with its unique taste, texture, and appearance.