Define the food chain. Describe the flow of energy in an ecosystem with the help of a linear diagram.

A food chain is a simplified representation of the transfer of energy and nutrients through an ecosystem. It typically illustrates the flow of energy from one organism to another as each consumes and is consumed by others. In a food chain, organisms are categorized into different trophic levels based on their position in the chain, including producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers, and decomposers.

Here's a brief description of each trophic level and their role in the food chain:

Producers: These are organisms capable of photosynthesis, such as plants, algae, and some bacteria. They convert sunlight into chemical energy through photosynthesis, producing organic compounds that serve as food for other organisms.

Primary consumers: Also known as herbivores, primary consumers feed directly on producers. They are typically animals such as insects, rabbits, and deer that consume plant matter for energy.

Secondary consumers: These are carnivores or omnivores that feed on primary consumers. They obtain energy by consuming herbivores. Examples include snakes, frogs, and small carnivorous mammals.

Tertiary consumers: Tertiary consumers are carnivores that feed on secondary consumers. They occupy the highest trophic level in a simple food chain. Examples include large predators like lions, wolves, and hawks.

Decomposers: Decomposers break down dead organic matter, such as dead plants and animals, into simpler substances. They include bacteria, fungi, and some insects. Decomposers play a crucial role in recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem, making them available for use by producers once again.