Distinguish between axis and atlas?

Axis and atlas are terms commonly used in anatomy, particularly in relation to the spine. They refer to specific vertebrae in the spinal column, and they have distinct characteristics and functions:

Atlas:

The atlas is the first cervical vertebra (C1) in the vertebral column, located at the top of the spine just below the skull.
It is also known as "C1" and is named after the Greek god Atlas, who was said to carry the world on his shoulders, as this vertebra supports the skull.
The atlas lacks a typical vertebral body (the round, disc-shaped portion found in most other vertebrae) and instead consists of a ring-like structure with anterior and posterior arches.
Its primary function is to support the skull and allow for the nodding (yes) motion of the head. It forms a pivot joint with the second cervical vertebra (axis) that enables the head to rotate from side to side.
Axis:

The axis is the second cervical vertebra (C2) in the vertebral column, situated just below the atlas.
It is also known as "C2" and plays a crucial role in allowing the head to pivot and rotate.
The axis has a distinctive process called the odontoid process or dens, which protrudes upward and fits into the atlas. This unique feature allows the head to rotate (as in shaking the head to say "no") around the axis.
In contrast to the atlas, the axis has a more typical vertebral body and other characteristic features found in cervical vertebrae.
In summary, the atlas and axis are specific cervical vertebrae with distinct functions in the spine. The atlas supports the skull and allows nodding motions, while the axis facilitates head rotation, thanks to its odontoid process and articulation with the atlas. Together, they enable a wide range of movements in the neck and head.