What are homeotherms? Give examples.

Homeotherms are organisms that can maintain a relatively stable body temperature regardless of the external temperature fluctuations. They are also known as warm-blooded animals. Homeotherms regulate their body temperature through various physiological mechanisms, such as metabolic heat production, insulation (like fur or feathers), and behavior (like seeking shade or sunlight).

Examples of homeotherms include:

Mammals: Most mammals are homeotherms. This includes animals like humans, dogs, cats, elephants, and whales. These animals have a constant internal body temperature that remains relatively consistent even when the environmental temperature changes.

Birds: Birds are also homeotherms. They have a higher body temperature compared to mammals, usually around 104-108°F (40-42°C). Birds use feathers for insulation and regulate heat through behaviors like fluffing their feathers to trap air or panting to cool down.

Some Reptiles: While most reptiles are ectotherms (cold-blooded), some have evolved to exhibit partial homeothermy. For example, leatherback sea turtles and some large monitor lizards can regulate their body temperature to some extent, especially in their core regions.

Some Fish: Certain fish species, like tunas and some sharks, can maintain a body temperature slightly higher than the surrounding water temperature. This ability allows them to be more active in colder waters.

Insects and Other Invertebrates: While rare, some insects and other invertebrates exhibit limited homeothermy. For instance, certain types of bees can maintain higher body temperatures by shivering their flight muscles, which helps them fly even in cooler temperatures.

It's important to note that homeothermy exists on a spectrum. Some animals are more effective at maintaining a stable body temperature than others. Additionally, the degree of homeothermy can vary within a species based on factors like age, health, and environmental conditions.