Define what is electrolysis and the process of electrolysis?

Electrolysis is a chemical process that uses an electric current to induce a non-spontaneous chemical reaction. It involves the decomposition of a compound into its constituent elements or ions using an electrolytic cell.

The process of electrolysis typically takes place in an electrolytic cell, which consists of two electrodes—an anode (positive electrode) and a cathode (negative electrode)—immersed in an electrolyte solution or molten ionic compound. The electrodes are connected to a power source, such as a battery or a direct current (DC) power supply.

Here's a step-by-step description of the electrolysis process:

Setup: The electrolytic cell is prepared by filling it with the appropriate electrolyte, either in the form of an aqueous solution or as a molten compound. The electrodes are positioned in the electrolyte so that the anode and cathode are separated and do not come into direct contact.

Electric current: The power source is connected to the electrodes, creating a closed circuit. The positive terminal of the power source (anode) is connected to the anode of the cell, and the negative terminal (cathode) is connected to the cathode of the cell. This setup allows the electric current to flow through the electrolyte.

Ion migration: As the electric current passes through the electrolyte, positive ions (cations) migrate towards the cathode, while negative ions (anions) move towards the anode. This migration is due to the attraction of opposite charges.

Redox reactions: At the cathode, reduction reactions occur. Positively charged ions gain electrons from the cathode and are reduced to neutral atoms or molecules. This reduction reaction allows the deposition or liberation of a substance at the cathode.

At the anode, oxidation reactions take place. Negatively charged ions lose electrons at the anode and are oxidized into neutral atoms or molecules. This oxidation reaction leads to the release of a substance or the generation of new ions.

Electrolyte replenishment: During the electrolysis process, the electrolyte composition may change due to the consumption of ions at the electrodes. If necessary, the electrolyte is replenished to maintain its ionic concentration and facilitate continued electrolysis.

Overall, the process of electrolysis enables the separation of elements or compounds by selectively manipulating the movement of ions using an electric current. It finds applications in various fields, including metal extraction, electroplating, water splitting for hydrogen production, and more.