How are vapour pressure and boiling point related?

Vapor pressure and boiling point are related concepts that describe the physical properties of a substance in its liquid phase. They are interconnected as follows:

Vapor Pressure:

Vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by the vapor (gas) of a substance in equilibrium with its liquid phase at a specific temperature.
Molecules in the liquid phase are in constant motion. Some of these molecules have enough kinetic energy to escape from the liquid surface and enter the vapor phase.
Vapor pressure increases with temperature. As you raise the temperature of a liquid, more molecules gain sufficient energy to overcome the attractive forces holding them in the liquid phase and become vapor molecules.
Boiling Point:

The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which its vapor pressure equals the external atmospheric pressure.
When the vapor pressure of a liquid becomes equal to the atmospheric pressure, bubbles of vapor form within the liquid, and the liquid rapidly changes into a vapor.
At this point, the liquid is said to be boiling.
The relationship between vapor pressure and boiling point can be summarized as follows:

Substances with higher vapor pressures at a given temperature have lower boiling points, and substances with lower vapor pressures at a given temperature have higher boiling points.
Substances with strong intermolecular forces (such as hydrogen bonding in water) tend to have lower vapor pressures and higher boiling points because it takes more energy to break these forces and convert the liquid into vapor.
Conversely, substances with weaker intermolecular forces (such as nonpolar gases) have higher vapor pressures and lower boiling points because it takes less energy for their molecules to escape into the vapor phase.
In summary, vapor pressure and boiling point are inversely related. As vapor pressure increases, boiling point decreases, and vice versa. This relationship is essential for understanding the behavior of substances in different phases and under varying conditions.