The –COOH group in benzene ring is:(A) ortho directly(B) para directly(C) ortho and para directly(D) meta directly

To determine the directing effect of the –COOH (carboxylic acid) group in a benzene ring, we need to analyze how this functional group interacts with electrophiles during an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction.

Understanding the Directing Effects:

The –COOH group is a deactivating group due to its electron-withdrawing nature. It pulls electron density away from the benzene ring through resonance and inductive effects.
The position of substitution relative to the –COOH group can be classified as ortho, meta, or para.
Ortho and Para Directing Groups:

Generally, activating groups (like –OH, –NH2) are ortho and para directing, meaning they favor substitution at the ortho and para positions.
Deactivating groups (like –NO2, –COOH) typically direct substitution to the meta position.
Specific Case of the –COOH Group:

The –COOH group is a deactivating group that predominantly directs new substituents to the meta position when it comes to electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. This is because the resonance structures created by the –COOH group do not stabilize the carbocation intermediates formed at the ortho and para positions effectively.
Conclusion:

Therefore, the answer to the question about the directing effect of the –COOH group in a benzene ring is: (D) meta directly.
Final Answer:
The –COOH group in a benzene ring is meta directly (D).