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Electric Charge and its specific properties

• Charge is the fundamental property associated with matter due to which it produces and experiences electric and magnetic effects.
• There are two types of charge : positive and negative. This categorization has been made just to distinguish the nature of interaction.
• SI unit of charge is coulomb (abbreviated as C).
• Charge is a scalar quantity which means it can be added or subtracted algebraically.
• Charge resides on matter i.e. mass. Alternatively, without mass the existence of charge is not possible though mass can exist without charge. Thus, presence of charge itself is a convincing proof of existence of mass. This also follows that in the process of charging or mass of the body changes.
• Charge is transferable. If we put a charged body in contact with another body, then charge can be transferred to another body.
• Total charge of an isolated system is always conserved i.e. charge can neither be created nor destroyed. This holds good in all types of reactions either chemical or nuclear.
• Unlike mass, total charge of a body does not depend on its speed i.e. charge is invariant. On the other hand, mass of a body is dependent on its speed (Greater the speed, greater is the mass) according to Einstein’s relativity theory.
• Like charges repel while unlike attract.
• Accelerated charge radiates energy in the form of electromagnetic waves.
• Charge is quantized. The quantization of charge is the property by virtue of which all free charges are integral multiple of a basic unit of charge represented by e (where e = ± 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ C). This value is the minimum possible quantity of charge which can exist individually and hence is known as the quantum of charge