What is a soapAnd what is it`s preparation .?Please explain tis

Soaps are sodium or potassium salts of long chain carboxylic acid or fatty acids which shows cleansing mechanism in water by micelle formation.


The non polar head gets dissolved in oil or dirt stain on the cloth and the polar end dissolves in water and they form a cluster like structure called soap micelle. On agitation oil and dirt is removed from the cloth. This is the cleansing mechanism of the Soap.


Manufacturing of Soaps:

When triglycerides in fat/oil reacts with aqueous NaOH or KOH, they are converted into soap and glycerol. This reaction is known as Saponification process. This is also called as alkaline hydrolysis of esters

Fat/Oil + NaOH Soap + Glycerol