Chapter 10: Direct and Inverse Variations Exercise – 10.1

Question: 1

Explain the concept of direct variation.

Solution:

When two variables are connected to each other in such a way that if we increase the value of one variable, the value of other variable also increases and vice — versa. Similarly, if we decrease the value of one variable, the value of other variable also decreases and vice — versa. Therefore, if the ratio between two variables remains constant, it is said to be in direct variation.

Question: 2

Which of the following quantities vary directly with each other?

(i) Number of articles (x) and their price (y)

(ii) Weight of articles (x) and their cost (y)

(iii) Distance x and time y, speed remaining the same.

(iv) Wages (y) and number of hours (x) of work.

(v) Speed (x) and time (y) (distance covered remaining the same).

(vi) Area of a land (x) and its cost (y).

Solution:

(i) The number of articles is directly related to the price. Therefore, they will vary directly with each other.

(ii) The number of articles is directly related to the weight of the articles. Therefore, they will vary directly with each other.

(iii) Speed is constant. Therefore, distance and time does not vary directly.

(iv) The number of hours is directly related to the wages. Therefore, it is a direct variation.

(v) Distance is constant. Therefore, speed and time does not vary directly.

(vi) If the area of a land is large, its cost will also be high. Thus, it is a direct variation.

Thus, the respective values in (i), (ii), (iv) and (vi) vary directly with each other.

Question: 3

In which of the following tables x and y vary directly?

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

Solution:

If x and y vary directly, the ratio of the corresponding values of x and y remains constant

Question: 4

Fill in the blanks in each of the following so as to make the statement true:

(i) Two quantities are said to vary… with each other if they increase (decrease) together in such a way that the ratio of the corresponding values remains same.

(ii) x and y are said to vary directly with each other if for some positive number k, …. = k

(iii) If u = 3v, then u and v vary … with each other.

Solution:

(i) Directly

(ii) x and y are said to vary directly with each other if x/y = k, where k is a positive number

(iii) Because u = 3v, u and y vary directly with each other

Question: 5

Complete the following tables given that x varies directly as y.

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

Solution:

Here, x and y vary directly. ∴ x = ky

(i) x = 2.5 and y = 5 i.e. 2.5 = 5k

=> 2.5/ 5 = 0.5.

For y = 8 and k = 0.5, we have: x = ky

=> x= 8 X 0.5 = 4

For y = 12 and k = 0.5, we have: x = ky

=> x = 12 X 0.5 = 6

For x = 15 and k = 0.5, we have: x = ky

=> 15 = 0.5 X y

=> y = 15/0.5 = 30

(ii) x = 5 and y = 8 i.e. 5 = 8 X k

=> k = 5/8 = 0.625

For y = 12 and k = 0.625, we have; x = ky

=> x = 12 X 0.625 = 7.5

For x = 10 and k = 0.625, we have: x = ky

=> 10 = 0.625 X y

=> y = 10/0.625 =16

For x = 35 and k = 0.625, we have: x = ky

=> 35 = 0.625 X y

=> y = 35/0.625 = 56

For x = 25 and k = 0.625, we know: x = ky

=> 25 = 0.625 X y

=> y = 25/0.625 = 40

For y = 32 and k = 0.625, we know: x = ky

=> x = 0.625 X 32 = 20

(iii) x = 6 and y = 15 i.e. 6 = 15k

=> k = 6/15 = 0.4

For x = 10 and k = 0.4, we have:

y = 10/0.4 = 25

For y = 40 and k = 0.4, we have:

x = 0.4 X 40 = 16

For x = 20 and k = 0.4, we have: y = 20/0.4 = 50

(iv) x = 4 and y = 16 i.e. 4 = 16k

=> k = 4/16 =1/4

For x = 9 and k = 1/4, we have: 9 = ky

=> y = 4 X 9 = 36

For y = 48 and k = 1/4, we have: x = ky

=> 1/4 × 48 = 12

For y = 36 and k = 14, we have: x = ky

=> 1/4 ×36 = 9

For x = 3 and k = 14, we have: x = ky

=> 3 = 1/4 × y

=> y = 12

For y = 4 and k = 1/4, we have: x = ky

= 1/4 × 4 = 1

(v) x = 5 and y = 20 i.e. 5 = 20k

=> k = 5/20 = 1/4

For x = 3 and k = 1/4, we have:

3 = 1/4 × y

=> y = 12

For x = 9, k = 1/4, we have: x = ky

=> 9 = 1/4 × y

=> y = 36 

Question: 6

Find the constant of variation from the table given below:

Set up a table and solve the following problems. Use unitary method to verify the answer.

Solution:

Since it is a direct variation, x/y = k.

For x = 3 and y = 12, we have: k = 3/12 = 1/4

Thus, in all cases, k = ¼

Question: 7

Rohit bought 12 registers for Rs 156; find the cost of 7 such registers.

Solution:

Let the cost of y registers be Rs x.

If he buys less number of registers, the cost will also be less. Therefore, it is a direct variation. We get: 12: 7 = 156: x => 12/7 = 156x

Applying cross multiplication, we get:

Thus, the cost of 7 such registers will be Rs 91.

Question: 8

Anupama takes 125 minutes in walking a distance of 100 meters. What distance would she cover in 315 minutes?

Solution:

Let the distance travelled is more, the time needed to cover it will be more. Therefore, it is direct variation. We get: 125: 135 = 100: x

Applying cross multiplication, we get:

Thus, Anupama would cover 252 meter in 315 minutes.

Question: 9

If the cost of 93 m of a certain kind of plastic sheet is Rs 1395, then what would it cost to buy 105 m of such plastic sheet?

Solution:

Let the cost of the plastic sheet per meter be Rs x

If more sheets are brought, the cost will also be more. Therefore, it is a direct variation. We get: 93: 105 = 1395: x 

Applying cross multiplication, we get:

Thus, the required cost will be Rs 1,575.

Question: 10

Suneeta types 1080 words in one hour. What is her GWAM (gross words a minute rate)?

Solution:

 Let x be her GWAM.

If the time taken is less, GWAM will also be less. Therefore, it is a direct = 60: 1

Applying cross multiplication, we get:

= GWAM will be 18.

Question: 11

A car is travelling at the average speed of 50 km/hr. How much distance would it travel in 12 minutes?

Solution:

Let the distance be x km.

If the time taken is less, the distance covered will also be less. Therefore, it is a direct variation. 50: x = 60: 12

Applying cross multiplication, we get:

Thus, the required distance will be 10 km.

Question: 12

68 boxes of a certain commodity require a shelf- length of 13.6 m. How many boxes of the same commodity would occupy a shelf- length of 20.4 m?

Solution:

Let x be the number of boxes that occupy a shelf- length of 20.4 m

If the length of the shelf increases, the number of boxes will also increase. Therefore, it a case of direct variation

Thus, 102 boxes will occupy a shelf- length of 20.4 m.

Question: 13

In a library 136 copies of a certain book required a shelf- length of 3.4 meter. How many copies of the same book would occupy a shelf- length og 5.1 meters?

Solution:

Let x be the number of copies that would occupy a shelf- length of 5.1 m

Since the number of copies and the length of the shelf are in direct variation, we have: 

Thus, 204 copies will occupy a shelf of length 5.1 m

Question: 14

The second class railway fare for 240 km of journey is Rs 15.00. What would be the fare for a journey of 139.2 km?

Solution:

Let Rs x be the fare for a journey of 139.2 km

Since the distance travelled and the fares are in direct variation, we have:

Thus, the fare for a journey of 139.2 km will be Rs 8.70 

Question: 16

If the thickness of a pile of 12 cardboard is 35 mm, find the thickness of a pile of 294 cardboard.

Solution:

Let x cm be the thickness of a pile of 294 cardboard

Since the pile of the cardboard and its thickness are in direct variation, we have:

Thus, the thickness of a pile of 294 cardboard will be 85.75 cm (or 857.5 mm).

Question: 16

The cost of 97 meter of cloth is Rs 242.50. What length of this can be purchased for Rs. 302.50?

Solution:

Let x meter be the length of the cloth that can be purchased for Rs. 320.50

Since the length of the cloth and its cost are in direct variation, we have:

Thus, the required length will be 121 meter.